初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總,初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
來(lái)源:好上學(xué) ??時(shí)間:2023-07-29
小學(xué)六年級(jí)結(jié)束了,緊接著的就是初中的學(xué)習(xí)了。無(wú)論大家是想要預(yù)習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)還是復(fù)習(xí),都可以看一下小編梳理出來(lái)的初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié),然后趕緊把它收藏起來(lái),為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備吧。
一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書(shū)寫(xiě)
要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距.
二、be動(dòng)詞的用法
be動(dòng)詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are.記憶口訣:
“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are.
三、人稱(chēng)及人稱(chēng)代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱(chēng):第一人稱(chēng)(I, we),第二人稱(chēng)(you, you),第三人稱(chēng)(he, she, it, Maria).
2、人稱(chēng)代詞的主格,即人稱(chēng)代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria.
3、人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格,即人稱(chēng)代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it.
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their.
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one.
五、一般疑問(wèn)句及特殊疑問(wèn)句
1、一般疑問(wèn)句:能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句.一般疑問(wèn)句句尾讀升調(diào).
2、特殊疑問(wèn)句:不能用Yes或No來(lái)回答的問(wèn)句.特殊疑問(wèn)句句尾讀降調(diào).
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種.
1、規(guī)則變化:
1)一般情況直接在詞尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等.記憶口訣:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”.
2、不規(guī)則變化:
1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等.
七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ),其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng).
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“三單”)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非“三單”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變“三單”的規(guī)則如下:
1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三單形式是has.
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種.
1、定冠詞the表示“特指”,可譯為“這個(gè)”、“那個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”.
2、不定冠詞a, an用來(lái)表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是“一個(gè)”.an用于以元音開(kāi)頭(注意不是以元音字母開(kāi)頭)的單詞前,a則英語(yǔ)非元音開(kāi)頭的單詞前.
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”,而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量”.
九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞.以like為例:
1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞,只涉及“主謂一致”原則.
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí),要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)來(lái)決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“三單”時(shí),要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“非三單”時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞原形do.例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)當(dāng)句子變疑問(wèn)句時(shí),同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問(wèn)句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“.的”,但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書(shū))
3、have與of的區(qū)別:
have一般表示“主動(dòng)擁有”,往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無(wú)生命的物體一般不能“主動(dòng)擁有”,表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of.例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)問(wèn)候語(yǔ):
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道別用語(yǔ):
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見(jiàn)面,see用于熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
3)介紹人或者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.與I'm sorry.的區(qū)別:
Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意,而I'm sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼?
5)詞組be from = come from
in English
5)當(dāng)問(wèn)句中問(wèn)到this/ that時(shí),回答要用it;問(wèn)到these/ those時(shí),要用they來(lái)回答. 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)對(duì)Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹(shù)上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
in English(用英語(yǔ))
help sb. do sth.
8)both與all的區(qū)別:
both表示“兩者都.”;all表示“三者及以上都.”.
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示“說(shuō)”的動(dòng)作,不表示“說(shuō)”的內(nèi)容;say則表示“說(shuō)”的內(nèi)容.
speak后面除了能接“語(yǔ)言”外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示“對(duì).說(shuō)”.
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)習(xí).)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒(méi)關(guān)系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的區(qū)別:
口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問(wèn)變any.例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(請(qǐng)隨便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You,所以其否定句直接用Don't開(kāi)頭.例如:
Don't go there!
5)問(wèn)職業(yè):
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work與job的區(qū)別:
work是未必有報(bào)酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的“工作”.
7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個(gè)面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃)
9)表示“建議”的句型:“做某事如何?”
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語(yǔ))
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語(yǔ))
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on這個(gè)詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間.
12)在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示“*”.
13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:
how many + 可數(shù)名詞;how much + 不可數(shù)名詞
14)What do you think of...? 是詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是問(wèn)對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度.
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動(dòng)詞,不能單獨(dú)使用.)
15)one與it的區(qū)別:
當(dāng)上下文說(shuō)的是同一種類(lèi)事物時(shí),任意一個(gè)可以用one來(lái)代替;如果上下文所說(shuō)的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it.例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過(guò)某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的.例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,“不得不去做某事”)
must 則表示主觀愿望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)時(shí)間的表述
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時(shí),用“分鐘”past“小時(shí)”.例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時(shí),用“剩余的時(shí)間”to“下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)”.例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時(shí)、分鐘去讀出時(shí)間,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.
22)句型“該干某事了.”:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)【考點(diǎn)掃描】
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在:
1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法;
2. 人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞的用法;
3. 初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法;
4. 冠詞的基本用法;
5. There be句型的用法.
6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型;
7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ).
考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子.
以上便是初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的匯總,希望對(duì)你有幫助。
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